MAGNETAR :- MY SISTER'S❤️ FAVORITE šŸ¤—

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what you think about magnetar? it's boring and very unimportant!!!

no that's a very exciting and informative topic! 


A magnetar is a type of neutron star believed to have an extremely powerful magnetic field (~10^9 to 10^11 T, ~10^13 to 10^15 G). the magnetic field decay power the emission of high-energy electromagnetic radiation, particularly X-ray and gamma rays. during the following decade, the magnetar hypothesis became widely accepted as a likely explanation for soft gamma repeaters (SGR's) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXP's). the theory regarding these objects was proposed by Robert Duncan and Christopher Thompson in 1992, but the first recorded burst of gamma-ray through to have been from a magnetar had detected on March 5, 1979. on 1 June 2020, astrophysicist reported narrowing down the source of fast radio bursts (FRBs), which may now plausibly include "compact-object mergers and magnetars arising from the normal core-collapse supernovae. 


Magnetic field


Magnetars are characterized by their extremely powerful magnetic field ~10^9 to 10^11 T. these magnetic fields are a hundred million times stronger than any man-made magnet, and about a trillion times more powerful than the field surrounding earth. as of 2010, they are the most powerful magnetic objects detected throughout the universe. earth has a geomagnetic field of 30-60 microteslas, and a neodymium-based, rare-earth magnet has a field of about 1.25 tesla, with a magnetar's 10^10 tesla field, by contrast, has an energy density of 4.0x10^25 j/m^3, with an E/c^2 mass density more than 10000 times that of lead. general relativity predicts significant spacetime bending effect due to these huge magnetic fields, but quantum consideration suggests otherwise. the magnetic field of a magnetar would be lethal even at a distance of 1000km due to a strong magnetic field distorting the electron clouds of subject's constituent atoms, rendering the chemistry of life impossible. at a distance of halfway from earth to the moon, a magnetar could strip information from the magnetic stripes of all credit cards on earth.


Formation 


when in supernovae, a star collapses to a neutron star, and it's magnetic field increases dramatically in strength through conservation of magnetic flux. halving a linear dimension increases the magnetic field fourfold. Duncan and Thompson calculated that when the spin, temperature and magnetic field of a newly formed neutron star fall into the right rangers, a dynamo mechanism could act, converting heat and rotational energy into magnetic energy and increasing the magnetic field, normally an already enormous 10^8 Tesla, to more than 10^11 tesla (or 10^15 gauss). the result is a magnetar. it is estimated that about one in ten supernovae explosions results in a magnetar rather than a more standard neutron star or pulsar. 


Bright supernovae


unusually bright supernovae are thought to result from the death of very large stars as pair-instability supernovae (or pulsational pair-instability supernovae). however, recent research by astronomers has postulated that energy released from newly formed magnetars into the surrounding supernova remnants may be responsible for some of the brightest supernovae, such as SN 2005ap and SN 2008es. 


Starquake 

Astronomers have observed signal from a highly magnetized neutron star, indicating starquakes that set the neutron star ringing like a bell. typical neutron stars have magnetic fields trillions of times stronger than piles of earth. the 23 known magnetars discovered so far by astronomers are a special type of neutron star with magnetic fields thousand times more powerful than that. on January 22, 2009, NASA's fermi gamma-ray space telescope detected rapid-fire, high-energy blasts from one of these magnetars. the object is called SGR J1550-5418. its located about 15,000 light-years away in the direction of the southern constellation Norma. on October 21,2014 -at the fifth fermi international symposium in Nagoya, japan - astronomers spoke of their work analyzing data from the 2009 event.

they said they found underlying that caused it to "ring like a bell". rare giant flares from magnetar have produced such signals in the past, but not often. in 40 years, astronomers have observed these flares just three other times - in 1979, 1998, 2004.


How magnetar could form from merging stars 


A magnetar is a special type of neutron star. neutron stars form when a star collapses under its own weight. gravity squeezes the star to the point that only the pressure of neutron and quarks can prevent it from forming into a black hole. they are incredibly dense. the mass of a star larger than our sun is squeezed into a volume only 20 kilometers across. when the star collapses, its magnetic field is also compressed, and so neutron stars typically have a very strong magnetic field. far stronger than that of the earth. but some neutron stars have even stronger magnetic fields. their magnetic field is a thousand times stronger than regular neutron stars. so powerful that they cannot have been produced by a single star. this neutron star is known as magnetars. their immense magnetic field generates bursts of gamma rays and x-rays. so how do some neutron stars form such strong magnetic fields? one possibility is that they form from the merger of two stars. recently a team looked at this idea by creating a computer simulation of merging binary stars. unlike most models, their simulation included the effects of magnetic fields. they found that when two stars merge, they found that can produce a larger star. 


that's it. so what you think about magnetar after reading this blog? comment in below its helpful for you or exciting? this blog is dedicated to my dear sister and this is she's a favorite topic! She's name is Celeste Carbonell šŸ¤—

https://www.instagram.com/blueskycele/?hl=en

And happy women's equality day to all my stem sisters ❤️


Reference

my astrophysicist teacher or sister Celeste Carbonell

https://www.instagram.com/blueskycele/?hl=en

https://www.instagram.com/astro_blueskycele/?hl=en

my favorite astrophysicist sister  or teacher Katy Rodriguez Wimberly

https://www.instagram.com/astronomouse/?hl=en

book, essential astrophysics, by Kenneth R. Lang, Electromagnetic Radiation from Pulsars and Magnetars, by Wojciech Lewandowski, Jaroslaw Kijak, Agnieszka Slowikowska, and Olaf Maron

  

BY: Pradyumn Kumar Sharma

Tags: astrophysics, astronomy, NASA, ESA, space science, star, telescopes 







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